June 27th, 2009 by g4lds
Having recently moved to Morecambe (Good Move!!), I had my dreams of a 80 foot tower with a rotary HF beam popped as the garden is only 25 x 35 feet!!! MMM Back to plan B. Which is wire aerials that i have used to good effect in the past.
Doublet for 80 - 10 fed by balanced feeder
The doublet works I found on all bands. A dipole is really a one band aerial, cut for 1/2 λ on the band you want to work on and fed by 50 Ω coax (really it should 75 Ω as that's the correct value of a 1/2 wave dipole but rigs are 50 Ω!!) A doublet is a balanced aerial around 1/2 λ on the lowest frequency you wish to work on however in practice, it can be 85% of this value with minimum effect of efficiency. I find that a top of 84 feet (ie 42 x 2) is good for 80m upwards. I fed this by 300 Ω slotted ribbon cable. It can be feed by open wire feeder between 300 - 600 Ω shop brought or homemade.It should be fed into a balanced Aerial Matching Unit (AMU or called ATU) or to a 4:1 or 6:1 Balun to coax. I have used this both Horizontal and Inverted Vee. During a contest on 40 meters I managed to work Stateside using this at 15 feet!
Another aerial which I have used is the W3EDP. This appears to be in use from around the 1930s. Check on the net for its history. This can be laid out in really any layout with bends, kinks and it still works! It rocks on 5 Mhz as using 5 watts I have covered round the UK no problem. It again should be fed to a 4:1 balun before the AMU or a balance Z-Type AMU. Very useful for portable use, laying along a hedge, thrown up a tree.
This should be feed via a balanced AMU like a Zee match or via a 4:1 balun to an unblanced AMU. If using a balun, the long length goes to the "hot" terminal and the short to the "earthy" terminal. The notes indicate that on 3.5 Mhz, the counterpoise does not need to be connected(it acts as a endfed around 19 feet longer than a 1/4 λ), 7Mhz its a halfwave with eightth wave feeder, 14Mhz its a fullwave endfed beyond the end of the counterpoise 17', 21Mhz its one and a half wavelengths with the 17' counterpoce acts as twin feeder! 28Mhz it does neeed the counterpoise as it two and half wavelenghts long (85')
Now having used these aerials at my new QTH, I found that the local noise was producing a S8 level on HF so operating was not very successful!. My thoughts turned to going portable in the wonderful countryside and sea front around Morecambe.
Non counterpoise aerial (See table for variants)
I had read early about the non-counterpoise aerial on the G-QRP forum. A couple of years ago, you could buy a version of this aerial from Stateside via E-Bay. There has been lot of thought of what this aerial is, I think it looks and works like a "J" pole, or a Zepp or even an Off Centre Diople. A lot of work has been carried out by Pete M3KXZ (see
www.outsideshack.com) and also look on the wonderful Cebik site
http://www.cebik.com/content/a10/wire/m3kxz.html.
Table for different coverage
After reading up the published info and mailing Pete, i thought that this might be worth a try. I decided to build a 20-6 metre version. I cut a length of speaker cable (or called low voltage twin cable) 12.5 feet long, and a length of 24/0.2 connecting wire 12.5 feet long. I soldered this single wire on the end of one of the twin cables, making note that this would be the "hot" or radiating element. I then used insulating tape to cover the joint and to "weatherproof" the cut ends. I then wound 10 turns on a ferrite core to act as a 1:1 balun or RF insulator at the "feed point" of the aerial. I then used insulating tape on the soldered joints and to avoid the winding moving, I used Tye-wraps.
1:1 balun or feedpoint for my portable non-counterpoise
Having made this I connected around 10 feet of twin cable to act as ribbon feeder to an AMU which had a 4:1 balun built in. Having used my aerial analyser, checked that it could be resonated on 20 - 10 meters using the AMU, noting the settings. I then connected the FT-817 to see how it worked and found the noise level had dropped to S1 and signals were heard! A rush into the shack and the noise level was still S8 so the non-counterpoise was connected via a coax lead to the shack, and switching between the two aerials, the noise was there or not depending on the selected aerial!!! I moved the non-counterpoise aerial near to the house and the noise level shot up. So a quick re-think took place and I made another version for the base station, using a 4:1 balun at the feed point so I could use a direct 50 Ω coax feeder to the shack.
4:1 balun feed point of my base version of the non-counterpoise
My base version is set up with the feed point on the fence and sloping towards the house, which blends in with the rest of the domestic site. Currently the noise level is around S1-2, I am able to work on 20m upwards. During recent sporadic E openings on 10 meters, I worked from North to South Europe. Later I tried the portable version on the stone jetty here in Morecambe, wound helically around a 6m pole, I heard around Europe and Stateside on 20m. (would have tried longer and maybe tried working but the batteries went on the '817!
My next plan is to make a 50 foot version for operating on 80 meters upwards but firstly I need to find out the local noise one source is from the street lights and I hope to get the local authority to find the cause. the other local
- My portable version wound on a kite winder
source I hope OfCom will help in deaing with.The next version, I may make from 300 Ω ribbon cable as it may be more weatherproof!
UPDATE (28 July 2009)
Have re-read the notes and replaced the 4:1 balun with a 1:1 choke ( 8 - 10 turns on a ferrite bead) and will try this out now. First tests make it seem a bit "more lively!". When can afford it! will replace this with 450Ω ribbon as it should decrease the losses
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June 20th, 2009 by g4lds
This is a recent project that I have carried out. A simple balun
A balun using ferrite ring
A balun using ferrite rod
Baluns - you either swear at them or swear by them!
So what do they do? They simply allow a balanced item like a centre fed dipole to be fed with an unbalanced system like coax (or balanced feeder (open wire balanced) to an unbalanced ATU) to try to reduce RF currents causing EMC or tuning problems. Now the next step is which one to use, a voltage or current balun?. Now I have only built and used a simple current balun so these thoughts are based on my experience.
Back in time before I held a license and was still a SWL, I built a trap dipole and needed a 1:1 balun at the feed point, saw a kit for a balun and sent off for it. Having got the kit and instructions my next problem was trying to understand what was meant by trifilar windings. I thus learnt it means three parallel windings (and of course bifilar is two windings!). Having understood this, I made it and it seemed to work. Later on I started to read up more on baluns and trifilar and bifilar windings. A look in Les Moxon’s book on aerials explained more and thus made me realize how simple baluns are to make. A 4:1 balun is even simpler to make than a 1:1 balun due to having one less winding to make!
Making a simple current balun
I feel that anything you make you learn a lot from both the practical and theory so here’s some tips to help you make 1:1 and 4:1 current type Baluns that will save you some cash! You need a ferrite rod or core, a smallish box, suitable connectors some wire (either hard drawn copper or heavy duty PVC covered different colour wires) fixings and your soldering iron, cutters etc.
Now to get the ferrite rod. You may have a defective MW portable radio, which a great source for the ferrite rod for a balun if not then a ferrite ring can be used.
My Method
The wire I have used is 18 SWG enameled wire.
Straighten the wire (tie one end around a door handle, pull gently until straight if you don’t have a vice) to remove any kinks etc and cut three lengths around 18’ long.
Lay the three straight wires in a triangular bundle with no twists and wrap in PTFE tape (as used by plumbers and stocked by most DIY stores) firmly but not too tight. (Helps to keep the wires straight and in one line! Wind 12 – 18 turns of the bundle onto the ferrite former (rod/ring) leaving NO GAPS between turns (wind slowly and carefully to ensure this). The method I used was to find the middle of the bundle and wind onto the former from this point towards the two ends. I then use a tie-wrap to hold the two ends in position on the former. If using a rod, ensure that the bundle usually lays flat on the rod but if not gently squeeze in the vice jaws taking care not to break the rod or scratch the enamel). Now define which end of the windings are your start and which is your finish. Scrape off the enamel on the end of the separate wires, buzz through to identify the individual windings (A, B & C) and connect up as per circuit diagram. (I show the connections for both 1:1 and 4:1 and using a switch you could make a 1:1 and 4:1 balun in one unit) If you are making a 1:1 balun connect a 50 Ohm dummy load to the balanced side (or output side) and aerial analyzer to the unbalanced (or input side) via a short coax lead. (If you're using a low power transmitter ensure the 50 Ohm load can handle the power, 4 x 220W 1w resistors in parallel should be ok) to check the VSWR. (Likewise if you built a 4:1 balun, put a 200 Ohm load on the output or balanced side). If the measured VSWR is high i.e. greater than 2:1 check your wiring!
I used a simple ABS box to mount the transformer with a SO259 connector on the input and bolts on the output for the aerial feeder or elements.. The transformer can be glued in the bottom of the box for mechanical strength.
I have used both ferrite rings and ferrite rods. The pictures, I hope explain more. I also attach a Excel plot of one balun I made, fairly flat upto around 33 MHz!
And to prove it here is a picture of it being measured on 29Mhz.
Info on types of cores
Cct diags
1:1 Balun
4:1 Balun
Plotted response curve
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April 21st, 2009 by g4lds
Recently I upgraded my station to a FT897D, which like most rigs these days are fully menu controlled and can be operated via your PC.
To ensure that I can fully understand and operate the rig, I not only read the handbook (how many can say that!) as well as joined the yahoo FT897 group. Having read on the yahoo group about the FT meter from LDG, I investigated further. The 897/857 has an output of 1mA to drive an external analogue meter. The LDG FT meter is a 500µA meter in a box measuring 3.6W x 3.0D x 2.6H with a backlight that requires 10-14V @100mA. The meter comes with a 3.5mm mono plug on a one meter cable for connecting to the rig. (The meter is in series with a 10k trim pot). There is also an on-off switch and 2.5mm socket for the DC supply for the backlight. Cost of unit in UK = over £42! It can measure on Rx: S meter, discriminator, DC voltage or 1 mA calibration “signal”, on Tx: it can measure SWR, Power out, ALC or DC voltage: selectable via the rigs menu.
My version.
I decided to make a version without a backlight so I then purchased on e-Bay a 1mA meter for around £5-00 a nip to Maplin’s to buy a suitable case for around £3-50. I downloaded a suitable scale from the Yahoo FT 987 group and glued over the original scale. Connecting the meter to the FT987, the menu allows you to generate a 1mA source to calibrate the meter (ie if using the 500µA meter, set to FSD using the pot). As you can see the attached picture my meter.
The meter I used has a black surround and the option of a backlight is not possible. However if you use a meter that can have backlighting (like the commercial version of this meter), then a 2.5mm DC panel mounting socket (Maplin JK10L), suitable plug 2.5 x 5.5mm long (L49ay), a push on push off switch (N91ar), backlight (PG77Jr) and a series resistor of around 270-500 ohms and cable is all that’s needed.
Chris G4LDS
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March 30th, 2009 by g4lds
GM4JMU
SHORTENED DIPOLE
The GM4JMU Shortened 7Mhz Dipole
When looking around for a 40m diople, found this and built it I can say it works even if short! I got a good match with my MFJ analyser and on QRP, worked around Europe ok. I also heard VK/ZL! And only at 30 feet as an inv Vee so if stuck for space try this.
To construct each side of the antenna proceed as follows. Cut a 10.25 metre length of 24/0.076 insulated wire, and a 160 mm length of 40 mm o.d plastic tubing ( white plumbers tubing). Measure a 2.75 portion of the wire and attach the wire to the plastic former. Wind 40 turns of the wire onto the plastic former, and firmly secure the end of the winding. Make the other half of the antenna in the same way. Attach the ends of the 2.57 metre sections to a suitable centre insulator, which should also mount the choke balun, connect the 50 ohm coax, then carefully waterproof the whole assembly.
The choke balun uses RG174AU coax and a 40mm Ferrite Toriod.
Once the antenna is erected adjust it to resonance on 7.030Mhz (or wherever your fav 40m freg is!) by folding back the ends, and adjust the length to provide minimum SWR.
Article from SPRAT Issue 74 Spring 1993
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March 8th, 2009 by m0rgb
Whilst looking around at the various mods done to K2's I discovered the following balun.
It is a small efficient QRP balun designed some time ago by Charles Greene W1CG. see www.njqrp.org for further details, including full building instructions.
My K2 is setup on internal batteries with it's main goal to be a portable radio. As I use mainly doublets through a 4:1 balun I thought building this inside the K2 would suit my needs perfectly.
I purchased the toriods from www.qrpproject.de you can buy these ready made but I wanted to build it! The toriods purchase were Amidon FT82-43.
Main components used
As I had already performed a mod to add a separate charging socket to my K2 I knew I would have to move this to allow me to add the balun.
The balun consists of two toriods wound with 6 turns on way, a cross over and 6 turns the other way. Then wired together to give 4:1
Winding was pretty easy compared to the many toroids in the K2 
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February 15th, 2009 by m0rgb
Military PTT and telephone handset
I have always been impressed with the quality of UK military equipment and recently decided to try a Clansman PTT circa 1980 as a PTT for my K2.
The idea being it would be a great portable PTT for using my K2 out and about, probably water proof and very tough!
Did the usual Ebay thing and found one for £4.99, while I was there I also thought I would get a Clansman telephone style handset. If nothing else this would have useful parts in it.
So here goes....
Clansman headset PTT
Clansman telephone handset (with PTT in handle)
The first thing noticed was that the PTT has a socket for the headset to plug into it, this uses the same connector as the telephone handset. So I decided rather than making a PTT and then wiring the handset seperately I could use the PTT as an adapter for any Clansman audio equipment....hmmm..... Read the rest of this entry »
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January 12th, 2009 by g0vgs
As we are essentially a portable group, we are constantly trying to improve our techniques and equipment. We were thinking about how to improve the way we use wire aerials and out of this discussion, Frank g8bme came up with this solution.
The one on the left in the above photograph is designed for use with a vertical. The top bolt takes the vertical radiator and the side bolts take the radials. The one on the right takes a standard dipole and both of them are really light.
The bottom of each box has a SO-239 for easy connection. We have plans to improve the design at some time in the future. We also have a dipole version with a wider white bar which can support 3 dipoles in a fan formation. We used all these centres to really good use during our Jura dxpedition.
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January 11th, 2009 by 2e0vmf
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January 10th, 2009 by g0vgs
Building the Elecraft K3 is a joy. The engineering design that has gone into the radio is amazing. The tolerances of the case fittings are fantastic. I have actually built three of these so far (only one for me unfortunately) and they were all straightforward to do.
I have had mine for just about a year and it has not disappointed me yet! I don't expect it to either.
What follows is a quick look at how to build a K3 from opening the box to operating. I hope you find it useful.
The Elecraft K3
When the K3 arrives it comes in one large box. The first thought on opening the box is how many other boxes are inside it! They are extremely well packed too.
The first thing you should do is find the manual and the errata and annotate your manual. Once that is done, inventorying the parts is useful. A thought at this point. It is very easy to end up with stuff everywhere. There are so many packets and boxes that it is easy to lose things, so try and work in a logical manner.
The other thing to do is to ensure you have an antistatic mat and wristband. There are many static sensitive components on the K3 boards and the last thing you want to do is to create a problem that might not show up immediately but arrive later when you have no idea what caused it If you are spending this amount of money on a radio, it is worth an extra few pounds to buy an anti-static mat and accessories. Every workbench should have an anti-static area in this day and age.
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Posted in Elecraft, K3, g0vgs | 1 Comment »